Booker T. Washington argued that?

3. Booker T. Washington was an educator and one of the foremost African-American leaders of his generation. He preached the need for African-Americans to learn skills and so be able to improve their lot. To his end he founded the all-black Tuskegee Institute, a vocational school which trained its students in printing, carpentry, farming, cooking, etc. Washington's "pull yourself up by your own bootstraps" ideology was highly controversial. While he had followers within the African-American community and won the support of many prominent white businessmen, others, most famously, W.E.B. DuBois, the black author and professor, criticized Washington for not stressing the importance of intellectual training and political action.